Some home computer users have become experts without knowing it. Just a short time ago terms such as “wireless” and “router” were only known by computer professionals and experts. Not so any more. These days switches, hubs, Ethernet cards, firewalls, routers, and other buzzwords related to networking have become common in many homes.

Vendors have created new sources of income for themselves by making the installation of network devices cost efficient and easy. This is great value to home PC users by allowing more than one home computer to share resources with others without having to move the files physically or having to move the connections on printers. The entire family can now use one network to connect to the Internet, many times without having to drag wires all around the house.

The one thing that home users are lacking is education is how to secure themselves from hackers.

However, there is no need to panic. Settings that come from the vendor are very good. Now, here’s a bit of guidance…

A common acronym for computer experts is “RFM”. You can just ignore the middle letter for now. The first letter stands for “read” and the last letter stands for “Manual”. Doing this will give you information about standard settings that are useful about configuration. Don’t forget to reread it.

PORTS FOR ROUTERS

The first thing that you should do is change your password. You should also rename the account for the administrator. This is because the next person who bought the same computer model as you did has the same information and might not be as trustworthy as you would like to think.

A standard port of HTTP is Port 80. This port is needed if you plan on browsing the Internet. A port is number for the network that is used by software to keep track of Internet traffic. You’ll need to have this port open for IP addresses and any ranges that are going out of your computer. By doing this only those computers you know can generate any Internet traffic on your home network.

If you get your IP address in an automatic fashion the above tip will won’t be useful for you. For example, most use DHCP. However, there are other service providers who will let you buy one static IP address for the router. It’s this address that should have access going out to the Internet.

But just why should you care about traffic that is going out? For the simple reason that you might infect other computers. This is why you need to practice networking that is safe so that you don’t spread any viruses. If you have Internet access that is wireless you won’t always know who is on your same network. And even if you’re not at home anyone can sneak in through your network.

You’ll need to have Port 80 open for all traffic coming in from the Internet. Or you might want to track only those websites that have an IP address. This might be impossible though.

You need to open up Port 25 for outgoing mail if you’re going to be using an email client that is a desktop application rather then being browser based. As well, you’ll have to open up port 110 for incoming mail.

And most of the time, that will be all….

If you’re using a client that is a desktop FTP or manual (both of which should be avoided if you can due to poor security) you’ll need other ports. Most of the time these port numbers are easy to find. Try to limit their use. The general rule for network security is that you should keep as many ports as you can closed and only use those that you really need to use.

The above may sound a bit like the settings in a firewall. This is because firewalls and routers have some of the same functions. A firewall will allow or prevent Internet traffic while a router will direct it.

WIRELESS NETWORKS

There’s a bit more that you have to do if you have a wireless network. Default settings will sometimes let anyone in range of the network have access. This means that not only someone in your household will be on the Internet, the neighbour across the street will as well. And this includes the hacker.

What you need to do is lock down the wireless network. You can learn how to do this by reading the manual and then configuring your passwords as well as any other security features that are included.

You don’t need to devote your life to becoming a security or network expert just so that you keep your resources safe. However, when you’re connected to the Internet through a router there is more risk than if you were connected through dial-up or as a single user.

Take some time today to learn what you can about network security so that you don’t spend that time after your network is broken into.

Firewalls are a great way to protect your computer from viruses and hackers. There are different levels of security that can be set, depending whether you are on a private network or the Internet. Typically you can allow more access for a small private computer than when you are connected to the Internet.

Firewalls used for Internet connections should be quite strict and allow minimum access. This is not to say that your online experience will be diminished. You simply want to restrict traffic not only leaving your computer but coming in as well. An Internet firewall should also close ports not being used. Luckily, most firewalls are very easy to configure and you can get yours set up with just a few clicks.

For a personal firewall to work there must be two components in use. One component inspects any data that may arrive and determine if it can be allowed through. The other component uses a policy to determine whether or not certain programs may access the Internet.

The first component is known as the packet filter. A packet is essentially data and the firewall determines if the packet is allowed through based on the policy set. If the packet does not meet the firewall policy it is simply dropped and never makes it to your computer. The second component is known as the application filter. The application filter allows programs to send or receive data through designated ports. The standard port number for the Internet is 80, and so most applications using the Internet will use that specific port.

Since other ports can be used by certain modules of some programs, it is still possible that your computer may become infected by a virus. If your anti-virus software doesnít catch one of these infected modules your entire computer is at risk. Because of this you shouldnít rely solely on your firewall for protection. Always have up to date anti-virus software and take care when engaging in file sharing practices on the Internet.